Can Tourism Be Sustainable En the 21st Century

CAN TOURISM BE SUSTAINABLE IN THE TWENTY FIRST CENTURY? Tourism assiduity is one of the largest industry of the world in the 21st century, before the pet single-valued functionum industry and the automobile industry. It is a vital sector for a dopeister of countries as it generates jobs and wealth. Nevertheless, Tourism can also engender environmental, complaisant, and cultural degradations as more and more people travel all around the world. in that honor was roughly 935 million of tourists in 2010, and there will be 1. 6 billion tourists in 2020 according to the World Tourism Organization.This enormous persist of tourists has undoubtedly a lot of impacts on the environment, on the local populations or on the economy. Furthermore, the global population is increasingly increment and the question of resources available is crucial and has fabricate a matter of global concern when suppuration occurs in a time of globalization. Because touristry keeps increasing, this is nec essary to find slipway to pull in touristry more sustainable. The question of sustainable phylogenesis has become a major issue of the 21st century notably due to the climate change.While the original call for sustainable cultivation in Bruntland news report (which address was to unite countries to pursue sustainable trailment together) discussed the application of the principles, touristry was not specially discussed (Hall, 1998) Yet, there has been an increasing recognition of the role that tourism could reanimate in sustainable maturation. As it is a driving promote of the economy and a powerful instrument of growth, it has a role to play to limit its ban impacts whether they ar cultural, environmental or economic.That is to say, adopting the principles of sustainable victimisation to tourism. sustainable tourism is an extension of the concept of sustainable development (J. Swarbrooke, 1999). The sustainable development is defined in the Bruntland Report as a dev elopment which meets our needs today without compromising the ability of people in the emerging to meet their needs. Therefore, sustainable tourism also deals with long-term viability. The goal of sustainable tourism is to conserve natural heritage and biodiversity, so the succeeding(a) generations will enjoy the environmental resources.It also has to respect the cultural heritage and traditional values of host communities and enable them to benefit from the advantages created by tourism, to make an equal distri yetion of benefits from tourism possible. The challenges be to reconcile tourism and respect of the environmental, economic and social dimensions to minimize the socioeconomic negative externalities of tourism. So can tourism be sustainable in the twenty-first century? I Successful initiativessustainable tourism is a complex notion which is part of a global system and cannot be tackled in isolation specifically, economically or temporally (Munt2003), it requires the impl ementation of different measures and initiatives. We can progress to sustainable tourism if different actors are aware of the situation and ready to take measures in order to improve things. Several summits and codes of conduct carried out base the growing interest in sustainable tourism and efforts make to fall upon it. Rio gain in 1992 ,The Global Code of Ethics for tourism or agendum 21 for the Travel & Tourism Industry Towards Environmentally Sustainable festering) They give recommendations on the application of sustainable development to tourism. The support and cooperation of the surreptitious and public sector are required to make sustainable tourism possible. All relevant stakeholders have to work in partnership to develop a common sustainable tourism strategy (Hall, 1998). All actors refer in the process have to participate for each level local, regional, national.As tourism is part of a global system, sustainability has to be come acrossd in all sectors because th ey are interdependent. (Hall, 1998) Since the 198Os, there has been a growing interest in the ethical standards of businesses. general and political pressure has been growing for companies to behave more ethically in relation to a range of issues (J. Swarbrooke, 1999) For instance, the Club Med, a French smoke of vacation set a charter of sustainable tourism to indorsement environmentally friendly practices and to take part to the local economic development in an ethical manner.To address the negative impacts of tourism, new alternatives to mass tourism are developed such as green tourism or ecotourism which is a responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the public assistance of local people (International Ecotourism Society, 1990) Besides some successful measures are taken to limit touristic flow. For instance to see orang utans in parks in Tanzania, visitors have to pay a high price 235 pounds which enable to fit the stream of travellers . Moreover, money generated by tourism will help to salvage parks as it is invested in the parks for the preservation of the orangs utans .II Yet take down some successful initiatives exist, some progress remain to be made First, more and more operators are using those terms sustainable tourism as a new trend. It is a way to differentiate themselves from competitors with solo commercial motivations. (Munt, 1998) Sustainable tourism has to adapt to each environment as each locality is totally different in terms of geography, ecosystem, social structure and economy, it is unlikely that the carrying capacity will be the same in any two show ups, so its application in any place is very different to forecast. J. Swarbrooke, 1999) Besides, when an action is implemented it is not flaccid to judge if it is really sustainable. An action can be judged sustainable or not after a long period of time when it is prove that the development of the activity has not prejudiced the needs of what were future generations when the development began (Hall, 1998) The majority of commentators agree on the fact that intervention is needed to achieve sustainable tourism .Nevertheless, public sector regulation is not simplified in a time when there is a lot if privatization We broadly oppose mass tourism to some alternative forms of tourism. For example, ecotourism is not needfully more sustainable if ecotourism grows to a mass scale it will show all the characteristics of mass tourism. (J. Swarbrooke, 1999) We have seen that a partnership is required to achieve sustainable tourism but the tourism industry and local communities can have conflicting requirements.And the host communities are usually not bounteous strong to make their voice heard compared to the power of the tourism industry. The Maldives is instance of both positive and negative impacts engendered by tourism. Tourism accounts for 30 % of the Maldives GDP. both tourist products an average of 7. 7 pounds of bolt each day. With the development of the tourism, the disposal has decided to sacrifice one of the island and to make it the bin of the archipelago. The island grows of a square(a) meter per day.For tourists, the rubbish remains invisible. Pollution is becoming worst and fooling the seabed is altered. Ships unload 3OO tons of rubbish everyday, which are dumped on the radical with no waste sorting. There are some toxic waste material which pollute the sea but also endanger the career of dustmen. Sustainable tourism is a complex task because key concepts are interrelated, it is about stakeholders whose interests have to be balanced. To lead to great social, economic and environmental benefits, sustainable tourism is required.A tourism bad managed can have negative consequences and have a prejudicial effect or even insalubrious on the social and environmental dimensions. And the complete set of impacts has to be thrifty at a global scale or we cannot hope to achieve complete susta inability at anything less than this scale (Hall, 1998) Furthermore, to be in truth sustainable, tourism has to pay more attention to the social dimension because we usually counseling more on the environmental dimension. Touristic activities have to contribute towards the economic development and improves the quality of life of local populations.Tourism creates some negative impacts, but the role of the sustainable tourism is to try to limit them. So that the consequences tourism has on biodiversity, natural resources or the amount of waste keep acceptable. Maybe truly sustainable tourism can probably never be achieved but it remains an ideal that we must thrive to attain (Hall, 1998) BIBLIOGRAPHY Books C. Michael Hall & Allan A. Lew, 1998, Sustainable Tourism a Geographical Perspective, Pearson, Essex M. Mowforth & I.Munt, 2003, Tourism and Sustainability, Routledge, London W. Peter ,H. Rob, G. Tonny, , 2002, Sustainable Tourism a Global Perspective, Elvesier Butterworth-Heinema nn, Italy J. Swarbrooke, 2005, Sustainable Tourism Management, Cabi Publishing, Cambridge Web send http//www. unep. fr/scp/tourism/sustain/ http//www. alpesolidaires. org/tourisme-solidaire-la-rencontre-avant-tout http//www. globalsustainabletourism. com/Events/48-2012-World-Tourism-Day-WTD-Tourism-and-Sustainable-Energy-Powering-Sustainable-Development. html