One page written reflection on the concept of the substitutability of Research Paper - 1

One page written reflection on the concept of the commutability of subjective capital letter - Research Paper grammatical caseIn this respect, inseparable capital plays an important role in the life and existence of every individual around the world. The continued use of natural capital brings into perspective the concepts of sustainability and substitutability (Markandya and Suzette 9). In essence, these concepts are critically intertwined. The substitutability of natural capital has a direct effect on the sustainability of resources in the environment.The idea of substitutability implies finding an alternative use in place of natural capital. Economists and environmentalists agree to disagree that human capital can substitute natural capital. While well-nigh hold the view of human capital replacing natural capital, other(a)s contend that the two can only work side by side as opposed to outright substitutability. As a result, the concept of substitutability is not only conten tious but also diverse.On one hand, the substitutability of natural capital can be said to be weak. From this point of view, human capital could move in to replace natural capital that could otherwise be depleted from the environment. The idea is to minimize the use and exploitation of natural capital while maximizing the use of human capital (Hussen 144). In this view, human-driven activities take oer the place of natural capital without generating catastrophic effects on the environment. For example, generating electricity from wind could ensure substitutability of natural capital through producing energy without harming the natural environment. Another key example is the use of solar panels as opposed to mining coal and oil, both of which are extremely hard to replace.On the other hand, it is difficult to achieve a balanced substitutability of natural capital. In many instances, both natural and human capitals work hand in hand. This style that it is difficult to achieve a one h undred

Gout as a Metabolic Disorder Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Gout as a Metabolic Disorder - Research account ExampleWhen urates in the blood reach the physiological saturation levels, they crystallize to form monosodium urate (MSU) and gradually accumulate in tissues. This leads to development of well hyperuricemia which results into gout (Luk & Simkin, 2005). The clinical manifestations of gout include acute gouty arthritis, deposition of MSU crystals in soft tissues leading to formation of tophi, urate urolithiasis along with r atomic number 18 incidences of nephropathy. The disease develops in four st eons an asymptomatic hyperuricemia, acute gout with intermittent flares, the intercritical period, and chronic gout (Sundram, 2010). The prevalence of gout have been on a rise during the last few decades chiefly due to changes in life style patterns and increased longevity. In US prevalence has been estimated to be 5.1 million during the period spanning 1988-1994 by the third national health and fodder examination survey (NHANES III). 5.2 cases per 1000 have been reported by the US managed care database during the year 1999 compared to 2.9 cases in 1990. The disease prevalence rates reportedly are higher(prenominal) in older men than those of rheumatoid arthritis. Incidences of gout have to a fault escalated during the last two decades with annual levels reported by Rochester Epidemiology Project to be twice as high as those reported two decades earlier for primary gout. Higher incidences of disease are reported in men than in women with increased incidences reported with advancing age in both sexes (Weaver, 2008). Despite high prevalence and severe burden of the disease, frequent mismanagement of the disease leads to avertable incidences of morbidities and mortality (Luk & Simkin, 2005). The current report aims to present an in depth exploration of the risk factors, pathogenesis and treatment modalities of gout. RISK FACTORS Sex Men have a higher level of serum urate rendering them world-shatteringly more vulnerab le to gout with higher probability of development of gout in men below the age of 30 compared to women of comparable age. The risk of gout development in men peaks in the age roll up of 75-84 years, while in women the risks are higher during spotlight menopausal phase. After the age of 60, both men and women are equally vulnerable to the disease (Rott & Agudelo, 2003). Diuretics Diuretic intake is a major cause of hyperuricemia since it causes significant enhancement of reabsorption of uric acid in kidney (Rott & Agudelo, 2003). Several other medications such as low dose aspirin, cyclosporine (increases tubular reabsorption of urate), pyrazinamide, ethambutol, and niacin also lead to hyperuricemia (Weaver, 2008). Comorbidities Individuals with hypertension, insulin resistance, cardiovascular diseases, neuropathy, hyperlipidemia, chronic kidney diseases and metabolic syndrome are highly vulnerable to gout (Rott & Agudelo, 2003). Lead exposure has also been found to be associated wi th gout (Sundram, 2010). light urate clearance may render a hemodialysis patient vulnerable to urate deposition and gout. obesity Individuals with a body mass index (BMI) in the range of 21-22 have been reported to be at much lower risk of developing gout compared to individuals with higher BMI. Alevel of 35 raise the risk three fold. Obesity has been found to be associated with enhance urate synthesis and lower excretion of urate from the kidneys thereby leading to raised serum urate levels (Weaver, 2008). Dietary Habits A diet rich in meat such as red meat, organ meat and sea food has been associated with higher vulnerabilities to gout. The same has also been reported for alcohol consumption especially beer (Choi et al. 2004). On the contrary, purine rich vegetables exhibit no correlation with gout development and dairy products lower the risk marginally (Weaver,

Homeland Security Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

mother country Security - Research Paper Example native land Security, a relatively new agency was created by George Bush after the terrorist attacks on America. President George Bush established the agency so that there would be no more terrorist attacks on America. It can be said that The US Department of Homeland Security came into being in the wake of the 9/11 terrorists to keep America safe from natural and synthetical disasters. The aim of this department was to under abridge counter-terrorism measures, and in the event of an attack coordinate rescue and recovery actions. The mission statement of this agency is to prevent terrorist attacks and to keep the damage to a minimum and recover from attacks when they do occur. To address these challenges states have to do two things 1) secure their territory from attack and 2) try to end the threats at their source. The Homeland Security agency helps the states to do this and also analyzes how America and other countries work towards achieving these goals. It suggests measures that states may have to take, such as creating a national infrastructure that is immune to physical damage and augmenting domestic security. The program also explores how best countries can fight global terrorism by increasing cooperation between countries that are lining a common threat. It carries out activities like coordination between intelligence agencies, domestic nuclear detection and protection of top-level government officials. The department is made up of agencies that take care of customs and border protection, immigration and citizenship services, quick response and recovery during emergency and research in science and technology. Today homeland security measures let in a wide range of efforts to prevent terrorist attacks. There are specific policies such as random baggage searches at airports, and broader policies for intelligence-gathering and law enforcement. The Department of Homeland Security in US has an annual budget of more

The impact of tobacco advertising on the females Essay

The impact of tobacco advertising on the females - Essay ExampleThis warmer weather will seeming to prompt smokers to go outside frequently to other areas if indoor smoking laws are tight. Sex appeal, independence, fashionableness, adventure, and affluence are identified as themes found in female-targeted cigarette advertising. The advertisement of cigarettes smoked by women only gave women a sense of liberation, exclusivity, and equality. In late 1960s, initial advertising campaigns of Virginia Slim included claims that there is a cigarette for women only. This is the slim cigarette made just for only women, who is tailored slim than the fat cigarettes smoked by men. In 1969, John Landry argued that early ideas if a thin cigarette did not gain positive result as per market respondents. It rather worked well when they added the idea of female orientation. In the analysis of contention on female oriented cigarette, advertising hit the market in 1968, just as the women liberation was entering the national consciousness (Barnard, 1998). The positioning cigarettes specifically for today have liberated women who have unique swing image. It has been documented that tobacco advertising is targeting women, but less has been discovered how the needs satisfaction messages in effect promote smoking to women. The documents from the tobacco sedulousness provided an opportunity on examining the industrys process of developing cigarette advertising for women. The industry identified this in a research in 1980 as a salient to women of intent experiences and different ages. Marketing of Satin was tested to compete in the growing market of meliorate and working women who smoked slim cigarette. The response to this brand of cigarette received a very... This essay The impact of tobacco advertising on the females outlines the connection amidst commercials of cigarettes and the level of smoking among women. It has been documented that tobacco advertising is targeting women, bu t less has been discovered how the needs satisfaction messages effectively promote smoking to women. The documents from the tobacco industry provided an opportunity on examining the industrys process of developing cigarette advertising for women. The industry identified this in a research in 1980 as a salient to women of life experiences and different ages. Marketing of Satin was tested to compete in the growing market of educated and working women who smoked slim cigarette. The response to this brand of cigarette received a very positive response. Satin was positioned in that it could communicate to homemakers and working people that they need time for themselves to relax and foster themselves by smoking satin cigarettes. The women were also, sharing the need for escapism, private, and self indulgence (Burns, 2010). According to research conducted by Lorillard in 1981, test market respondents on satin appealed to desire to relax with a cigarette, desire to pamper individual, sensuo us nature of a woman, and suppressed dream of relaxing in luxury. It was also noted that, advertisements which involves women in fantasy of escape from lifes problems with a little self indulgence which seem to be striking a nerve. This is most dangerous with focus groups especially with older women.

Discussion of readings about graphic design Essay - 1

Discussion of readings about graphic design - Essay ExampleYet, on the other side it provides a graphic designer with the liberty to try a range of thematic patterns and visual elements that could be crafted while using that modular element. In that sense modularity should not be considered to be an element that limits the creativity of a graphic designer. For instance just because buildings are constructed by using modular building materials like bricks and lumber, this no way imposes any limitations on the creative possibilities that could be explored by any architect. In that sense the concept of modularity mentioned by Lupton and Phillips does blend with Gerstners ideas about calculative programs that it has to do with placing the visual creativity and imagination of a graphic artist in the service of an already standardized and fabricated design pattern or method. It does need to be understood that in a bet industrialization era, graphic art is also a commodity that is consume d on a lot scale. Thereby it would not be practical to think about graphic art as an entity that could be left open to free and individual imagination. Hence, Gerstner is compensate when he talks about reducing the creative process to an act of selection.Richard Saul Wurman does lay stress on the fact that that such data and reading that one comes across in the day to day life is not as understandable as it is actually considered to be. This stands to be true not unaccompanied for the data and information that are considered to be highly specialized and professional. This is equally true for the data that is considered to be public, general and common. Hence, in the post industrialization and post information technology revolution era, the one big challenge for designers is to make the available information more easily understandable, available and visual. Mushon Zer-Aviv does correctly and precisely beguile this point that data does need to be made more easily understandable a nd

Derrick Jones, Former Albion Prison Inmate, Wins $312,000 Jury Verdict Article

Derrick Jones, origin Albion Prison Inmate, Wins $312,000 Jury Verdict for Negligent Medical Care - Article ExampleThe doctors gave him narcotics and crutches. The conterminous day he fell from stairs, but was not given an MRI. The second case study is that of Dennis Austin, who was convicted of rape, and died of bed sores.The articles information and the case studies raising awareness for wellness care organizations. The message is for the health care communities, to raise their efficiency of health care provision and quality of care. Hospitals and health care agencies must(prenominal) comply with the code of ethics, so that no individual remains deprived of proper and timely health care.There is need for steps taken by health care organizations to provide timely and quality health care to citizens. The Affordable Care Act is one such law that ensures affordable and mellow quality health care provision. This legislation was passed by Congress, and the President signed it into l aw on March 23, 2010.The article made me feel sorry for the health standards provided in state prison. I feel that the prisoners must be provided proper health care, since negligence regarding provision of health care is not part of their penalties. It is their right.Lohr, D. (2012). Derrick Jones, Former Albion Prison Inmate, Wins $312,000 Jury Verdict For Negligent Medical Care. Huffpost Crime. Retrieved May 6, 2013, from

Individual Work Motivation Essay Example for Free

Individual Work Motivation EssayBe it a multi-national company or a small superstore right down the corner of your house, motivated and energetic employees are a pre-requisite everywhere in order to reach the zenith of excellence, success and prosperity. In amity with a research paper rooting out from The Ohio State Universitys Piketon Research and Extension Center and Enterprise Center, enthusiastic employees are desired for the survival and efficacy of a particular organization. (Lindner J. R. 1984)An assortment of theories exist which suggests the reasons that why the employees in this organization were unable to be energized and elated to perform better and portray their true authorisation and ability in the training program which was chalked out by their respective organization. (Lindner J. R. , 1984) Theories and their implications To begin with, expectancy opening is a theory that has been drafted out by schoolmaster Vroom who belongs to the Yale school of Managemen t.This theory aptly states that employees in any company would be highly motivated if they firmly believe that more hard do and better performance would succumb to better results, improved outcomes and enhanced rewards such as a tremendous increase in ones wages or fringe benefits. (Vroom, n. d) Vroom also throws lights on this exceptionally important fact that an employees motivation and hence his or her performance is based on numerous factors such as aptitude, skills, personality, experience and the amount of knowledge that he or she possesses.Following this, the attention is now turned to the reinforcement theory of motivation. This theory was chalked out by B. F. Skinner and his accomplices. The foundation of this theory is the law effect. This means that an individual behavior have a tendency to be ingeminate if the consequences and the rewards are confirmative and tends to declines if the consequence are negative. Some of the note-worthy elements of the reinforcement the ory are positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishment and extinction.Re-inforcement theories Keeping these two considerably substantial theories in mind, the employees at this particular organization are unable to execute well in the training program because they are provided with less rewards and less positive consequences. Their performance in the training program is not co-related with the rewards that they would receive. Each employee is paid the same amount for attending the program, whether that employee is motivated or not, had play alonged the exam or not.Hence, employees are not at all passionate and energetic for performing well in the program. Following this, the employees are allowed to retake the training till the time they pass the exam. This policy makes the employees motivated to give out their hundred percent at the training program. Recommendations Keeping all these factors into consideration, managers of this organization should tightly relate the re wards with the performance and should make use of the theory of positive reinforcement.Managers should also make sure that the rewards are those that are valued by their employees and are desired by them. Employees should be granted the necessary support to boost up their motivation and enthusiasm, such as a mentor or a human resource manager. Last just not the least, negative reinforcement should be used as tool to motivate the employees by informing them that not performing up to a bench mark and hence not passing the training would result in negative rewards such a decrease in ones pay or the cutting down on some of the fringe benefits.